1 Total Quality 2 Total Quality Management 3 benefits of total quality management 4 techniques of total quality management 5 Obstacles to applying TQM 6 References comprehensive quality In light of the development and expansion taking place at the level of the world, the world has become a small village, and information and knowledge have become commodities to be bought and sold, which led to the emergence of the need to provide it very quickly, and competitively; in order to satisfy customers, the need for the development of systems, mechanisms, and workers , In addition to caring for raising the level of efficiency , and hence the need for the so-called (total quality). [1] Volume 0% In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to clarify what is quality, and total quality , up to the definition of total quality management, where the word (quality) is mentioned in the dictionary as being the source of the verb (serious), it is said: it is known as the quality of its industry, i.e. its use, and its use And, in language, it means: the totality of attributes, the characteristics of a product, or the service that makes it able to meet the needs express or implied. [2] As a convention, the National Office for Economic Development in Britain (NEDO) has defined overall quality as: “meeting market requirements in terms of design, good performance, and after-sales services,” and defined it (American Institute Standards (ANSI) are defined as: a set of characteristics, attributes of a service, or product, to meet specific needs.[1] Total Quality Management The definitions of TQM have varied according to the scholars ’differences in their definition, and these definitions include: (International Organization for Standardization and Metrology) defines it as: “the integration of characteristics and features associated with a product or service, which leads to the fulfillment of specific needs and requirements precisely”. [1] It was defined by the (British Standards Institute) as: "An administrative philosophy that includes all the activities of the organization through which the needs and expectations of the customer and the community are achieved, and the goals of the organization are achieved in the most efficient way, and at the lowest cost, through the optimal use of the energies of all the workers motivated by continuous development." [3] (Joseph Goran) defined it as: "An administrative process that the organization performs in a cooperative way; to accomplish business, by taking advantage of the special capabilities of both management and workers; to improve quality and increase productivity continuously, through teams, and guided by accurate information; to get rid of All waste in the organization. " [3] From the above definitions, it can be concluded that total quality management means: the sum of efforts made by workers and managers, with the aim of ensuring long-term customer satisfaction. [4] Benefits of TQM There are many benefits to TQM, and here are some of these benefits: [3] Reaching customer satisfaction. Maintaining the organization's activity, and renewing productive processes , in a way that ensures the survival of the organization, obtaining international and local recognition, and continuous improvement in work. Enhancing competitiveness and increasing profitability . Encouraging teamwork, and improving communication between all workers, which contributes to solving problems facing the organization, and thus increasing organizational effectiveness. Improve the quality of services and products, and open the way for the creation of new markets. [5] Correct business performance and tasks while ensuring rapid response to variables. [5] Development of workers skills and abilities. [5] Total quality management techniques There are many techniques that can be adopted when applying total quality management, including: [1] Delegating authority: in this technology, part of the authority is transferred to the workers in order to accomplish the work well and effectively, knowing that this technology helps to make accounting clear in the event of failure to perform the tasks. RBM: where performance measurement periodically, which improve it , and raise it. Developing managers: This technique is more important than managing individuals because it has a reflection on making total quality better, as failure to develop them may lead to their development of unconstructive habits, which may threaten the philosophy of total quality management in the organization, such as the use of the tyranny method that affects In the performance of workers negatively. Innovation: It means uniqueness and creativity in proposing distinct ideas in order to solve the problems facing the organization, or achieve the desired goals, and this requires excluding the old means, replacing them with new and innovative ones, respecting the ideas that are presented, and discussing them, in order to do better. Building teams: As when collective morale is desirable, this will positively reflect on improving the quality of the decisions that are taken and improving the quality of communication between them. Another opinion, the ability to be creative, to cooperate , to be vigilant, committed, and other leadership qualities. Obstacles to applying TQM There are many obstacles that hinder the application of TQM, and some of these obstacles include, but are not limited to, the following: [6] Reduced budget allocated to research, and legal and administrative restrictions imposed on research, as this would negatively affect interest in research, development, and innovation of new products. Negative attitudes adopted by some workers in economic organizations. Ensuring the achievement of quantitative aspects, and neglecting other aspects, such as quality, training , development activities, and other matters. Weak knowledge and material system, especially in the government sector. The lack of awareness among some managers about the importance of implementing TQM, and its benefits, which are reflected positively on the organization’s performance, which improves it. Neglecting long-term goals , and ensuring short-term goals. Existence of sophisticated laws and regulations that lead to loss of effort, time , and thus low performance. Deficiency of some managers regarding the application of TQM.
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