modern transportation. The engine is the part responsible for generating kinetic energy in it by converting electrical or chemical energy in internal combustion engines which are the most used in cars until now to mechanical energy, so chemical energy is converted In internal combustion engines to kinetics by exploding the fuel in the car inside the engine cylinder and converting the explosion into kinetic energy, there are usually two main types of internal combustion engines, which are diesel and gasoline. The mechanism of operation of internal combustion engines The internal combustion engines work mechanism used in cars is divided into four stages. The process begins with the withdrawal stroke in which the fuel, air or air alone is withdrawn according to the system used in the car into the cylinder. Entering, and then comes the stroke of pressure, in which the piston moves up with the closing of all valves in the cylinder, compressing the air and fuel mixture to the appropriate rate of ignition, which varies according to the design of the car and the type of fuel used in it. Then the power stroke that occurs after the fuel explosion begins, then the force resulting from the explosion causes the piston to be pushed to the bottom of the cylinder and the piston transfers kinetic energy to the rest of the engine parts, and after the piston reaches to the bottom, the last stroke begins, which is the exhaust stroke so the piston moves upward expelling all the exhaust gases Generated from the explosion out of the cylinder so that the engine then starts to run again. The difference between a diesel and a gasoline engine The diesel and gasoline engines work with the same mechanism, which converts chemical energy into mechanical by means of an explosion, but the main difference between them is in the method of causing the explosion, as in the gasoline engine, the explosion takes place through the combustion flame inside the cylinder that generates a spark with a very high voltage difference so that Gasoline explodes with the pressure it reaches, but in diesel engines the fuel explodes automatically without any spark as a result of the high pressure the diesel reaches. Another difference between the gasoline and diesel engines is the compression ratio, as the compression ratio is much higher in diesel engines for gasoline engines, and the ratio is less in gasoline engines to avoid the self-ignition of gasoline in the engine, which may lead in gasoline to catastrophic results such as road phenomenon, Also, in some diesel engines, a glow candle may be used, which heats the cylinder of the diesel engine when it is running, especially in the winter season, in order to reach the temperature required to work properly
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